Literatur zu Carnitin
1 Peluso G, Barbarisi A, Savica V, Reda E, Nicolai R, Benatti P, et al. Carnitine: an osmolyte that plays a metabolic role. Journal of cellular biochemistry 2000;80:1-10.
2 Froyland L, Madsen L, Eckhoff KM, Lie O and Berge RK. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, and acyl-CoA oxidase activities in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Lipids 1998;33:923-30.
3 Ueda M, Kawachi H, Atomi H and Tanaka A. Peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferase isozymes of the n-alkane-assimilating yeast, Candida tropicalis, occurred by alternative initiation of translation from the transcripts of a single gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1998;1397:213-22.
4 Vaz FM and R.J.A. W. Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals. Biochem J. 2002;361:417-29.
5 Fraser F, Corstorphine C-G and Zammit V-A. Subcellular distribution of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in rat liver. Evidence for a distinctive N- terminal structure of the microsomal but not the peroxisomal enzyme. .Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 1999;466:17-25.
6 Eaton S. Control of mitochondrial beta-oxidation flux. Prog Lipid Res 2002;41:197-239.
7 Rebouche CJ and Seim H. Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Annu Rev Nutr 1998;18:39-61.
8 Koepsell H and Endou H. The SLC22 drug transporter family. Pflugers Arch 2004;447:666-76.
9 Karlic H, Lohninger A, Laschan C, Lapin A, Bohmer F, Huemer M, et al. Downregulation of carnitine acyltransferases and organic cation transporter OCTN2 in mononuclear cells in healthy elderly and patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. J Mol Med 2003;81:435-42.
10 Abo-Hashema KA, Cake MH, Lukas MA and Knudsen J. Evaluation of the affinity and turnover number of both hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal carnitine acyltransferases: relevance to intracellular partitioning of acyl-CoAs. Biochemistry 1999;38:15840-7.
11 Schoderbeck M, Auer B, Legenstein E, Genger H, Sevelda P, Salzer H, et al. Pregnancy-related changes of carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations of plasma and erythrocytes. Journal of perinatal medicine 1995;23:477-85.
12 Lohninger A, Radler U, Jinniate S, Lohninger S, Karlic H, Lechner S, et al. Relationship between carnitine, fatty acids and insulin resistance. Gynakologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau 2009;49:230-5.
13 Lohninger A, Salzer H, Simbruner G, Husslein P and Martin G. Relationships among human amniotic fluid dipalmitoyl lecithin, postpartum respiratory compliance, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical chemistry 1983;29:650-5.
14 Lohninger A, Krieglsteiner P, Nikiforov A, Erhardt W, Specker M, Martin G, et al. Comparison of the effects of betamethasone and L-carnitine on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine content and phosphatidylcholine species composition in fetal rat lungs. Pediatric research 1984;18:1246-52.
15 Malone JI, Cuthbertson DD, Malone MA and Schocken DD. Cardio-protective effects of carnitine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovascular diabetology 2006;5:2. 16 Koves TR, Li P, An J, Akimoto T, Slentz D, Ilkayeva O, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1alpha-mediated metabolic remodeling of skeletal myocytes mimics exercise training and reverses lipid-induced mitochondrial inefficiency. The Journal of biological chemistry 2005;280:33588-98.
17 Noland RC, Koves TR, Seiler SE, Lum H, Lust RM, Ilkayeva O, et al. Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control. The Journal of biological chemistry 2009;284:22840-52.
18 Adams SH, Hoppel CL, Lok KH, Zhao L, Wong SW, Minkler PE, et al. Plasma acylcarnitine profiles suggest incomplete long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation and altered tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in type 2 diabetic African-American women. The Journal of nutrition 2009;139:1073-81.
19 Ramsay RR and Naismith JH. A snapshot of carnitine acetyltransferase. Trends in biochemical sciences 2003;28:343-6.
20 Kletzmayr J, Mayer G, Legenstein E, Heinz-Peer G, Leitha T, Horl WH, et al. Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. Kidney international 1999;69:S93-106.
21 Borsch-Haubold AG, Kramer RM and Watson SP. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is phosphorylated in collagen- and thrombin-stimulated human platelets independent of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase. The Journal of biological chemistry 1995;270:25885-92.
22 Pignatelli P, Lenti L, Sanguigni V, Frati G, Simeoni I, Gazzaniga PP, et al. Carnitine inhibits arachidonic acid turnover, platelet function, and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003;284:H41-8.
23 Gulcin I. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life sciences 2006;78:803-11.
24 Winter BK, Fiskum G and Gallo LL. Effects of L-carnitine on serum triglyceride and cytokine levels in rat models of cachexia and septic shock. Br J Cancer 1995;72:1173-9.
25 De Simone C, Famularo G, Tzantzoglou S, Trinchieri V, Moretti S and Sorice F. Carnitine depletion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS: effect of oral L-carnitine. Aids 1994;8:655-60.
26 De Simone C, Tzantzoglou S, Famularo G, Moretti S, Paoletti F, Vullo V, et al. High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1993;15:1-12.
27 Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM and Ames BN. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1994;91:10771-8.
28 Rosca MG, Lemieux H and Hoppel CL. Mitochondria in the elderly: Is acetylcarnitine a rejuvenator? Advanced drug delivery reviews 2009;61:1332-42.
29 Maccari F, Arseni A, Chiodi P, Ramacci MT and Angelucci L. Levels of carnitines in brain and other tissues of rats of different ages: effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration. Exp Gerontol 1990;25:127-34.
30 Liu J, Atamna H, Kuratsune H and Ames BN. Delaying brain mitochondrial decay and aging with mitochondrial antioxidants and metabolites. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2002;959:133-66.
31 Liu J, Head E, Gharib AM, Yuan W, Ingersoll RT, Hagen TM, et al. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:2356-61.
32 Lohninger S, Strasser A and Bubna-Littitz H. The effect of L-carnitine on T-maze learning ability in aged rats. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2001;32:245-53.
Zusammenfassung von Univ. Prof. Alfred Lohninger - Meduni Wien